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Question: Discuss About The Journal Advancements Research Technology? Answer: Introduction This business report is based on the literature review, which explains the use of accounting softwares in the various banks of Australia. This study is formulated to identify and understand the Accounting Information System (AIS) used by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Its implementation and challenges faced by the organization will be clearly determined in this business report. The organizational structure along with the operations issues in the present organizational structure of the Commonwealth will also be stated. The complete information of the technological systems will be highlighted in the study. The first part of the report covers the above stated parameters (Amiri Salari, 2013). The second part of the report states the development of the AIS system and the market size of the organization. Also, a brief discussion regarding the leaders in the prevailing market will also be discussed. The competitive advantages of the organization as well as the gaps that have been left unfulfilled are also deeply examined and appropriate recommendations are given in order to fill the gaps by the CBA. Organizational structure The Commonwealth Bank of Australia is the top leading banks of Australia. It is the multinational bank with operates in various countries like New Zealand, United States, United Kingdom and Australia. This bank is considered as the largest bank to be listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. This bank aims at providing various financial services to its customers (Team, 2017). Commonwealth Bank of Australia is also known as CBA. This bank deals in retail banking, investment, broking services, superannuation, institutional banking, insurance, fund management and business. The CBA was founded in 1911 and is considered among the top four banks of Australia. This bank was opened in Melbourne, but then the bank shifted its headquarters to Sydney, Australia. Also, this bank has a strong and remarkable history. The vision of this bank is to enhance the financial well being of the customers by also securing them. The total number of branches of this bank around the globe is more than 1100 . Around 50,000 people are employed in the CBA. The organizational culture of the bank is to maintain Accountability, Integrity, Excellence and Service in their organization. The bank strongly aims at providing the best customer services according to the needs of the customers. The bank adopts various innovations and technologies in order to sustain and remain its position as the leading bank of Australia (ACS Foundation, 2011) Operational Problems With globalization, various innovations have been introduced in the technology platforms, which create problems for the organizations. In the current scenario, almost every organization is using core technology platforms in order to perform various business functions. Commonwealth Bank of Australia also makes use of various technological platforms in order to support its internal business operations and providing customer services. The dynamic technological environment has caused serious operational challenges that are also faced by the Commonwealth Bank (CAN, 2017). The report outlines the current core banking platforms used by the bank and various issues have been stated. In order to overcome the issues also the recommendations are given. This study involves a deep study of the information systems that are most suitable for the bank and which help in increasing the productivity and efficiency of the organization by also, decreasing the costs. The customers faced issues in operating their bank accounts and the employees also faced problems from the data infrastructure. It is said all such issues are faced by the bank due to its outdated technological infrastructure. After facing consistent problems, CBA redesigned its infrastructure budget to $11 million. There is an immediate need for the bank to adopt new technological platforms. An appropriate technological platform must be installed in the Commonwealth Bank of Australia in order to enhance its productivity and efficiency (Williamson, et al., 2015). System Acquisition method With innovations in technology, numerous methods and softwares have been introduced in the markets, which are adopted by the Australian banks. The future of Australian Banks is highly dependent on the technological system adopted by them. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia makes use Cloud Computing System in its organization (Schlagwein, et al., 2014). CBA also makes use of Oracle in their business in order to perform its internal business functions and management. The PayPal operators are used by the customers to marketing payments. The Commonwealth Bank also adopted the ERP Systems in their data infrastructures from IBM in order to provide excellent customer services. The Commonwealth Bank Of Australia frames technological strategies in order to provide best services to its techno-savvy customers. Since, the customers make use of internet facilities like mobile banking and internet banking, the bank aims at adopting various technology platforms, which helps them in fulfilling the n eeds of the customers (Bartoletti, et al., 2012). The CRM system was also adopted by the bank in order to provide the best infrastructure to the employees as well as the customers. Sales Process Followed by the Commonwealth Bank Of Australia Every bank follows a sales procedure in order to provide services to its customers. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia also follows a sales process. The bank has been following this procedure for a very long time in order to fulfil the needs of the customers. All the banks in Australia follow this system in order to generate its sales. The process starts by targeting customers through the various social media facilities in order to trap the customers (Nichols, 2016). The background of the customers are known after targeting the customers for knowing their background. This further leads to the interaction of the customers and the bank, the bank then aims at knowing the needs of the customers and convinces them to buy a particular service of their bank. This is the important step as the bank here demonstrates the product and service in front of the customers in order to encourage their purchase. If the customer gets convinced, the negotiations are finalized and the sales process is car ried out further. Then the next step of the sales process is achieved by accepting the offer by the customers of the bank. Then the sales is closed. This is how the bank processes its sales (CCMC, 2016). Control issues and risks Many organizations are facing serious disasters while implementation of the ERP Systems. It is not an easy task. The business processes of the organizations have to carefully examine the ERP System in order to implement it in the organization. The ERP system is very different from the traditional systems of technology, thereby, wrong implementation of an ERP system will have a diverse impact on the organizations. The organizations must have sound knowledge regarding the system and their business practices must match with the ERP systems. Various goals can be achieved by implementing the ERP system in the organization, but various possible risks are associated with it. The ERP system must be chosen according to the organizational structure, strategy and practices. Skills and expertise are required in the organization in order to install an ERP system, therefore, the company must arrange for better skills. Flexible systems and tools must be adopted to implement the ERP system (Grabski, et al., 2015). Despite of the various risks involved in the implementation of the ERP system, the organizations are rapidly adopting this system as this leads to an increase in the efficiency and productivity of the organization. Development and Adoption of Accounting Information System With current needs of the customers and competition, the banks are developing the ERP systems in their business organizations. The ERP system helps the banks in providing various services to its customers. The banks and the customers are consistently forced for adopting the ERP systems in their organizations. The banks must carefully select the Accounting Information System (AIS) in order to overcome the consistent challenges faced by them in todays scenario (Njihia Mwirigi, 2014) . The ERP System chosen by the company must benefit the bank by aligning with its structure, strategy and services. The banks require huge technology platform in order to stay connected with its customers, thereby, they must focus on developing a cost effective system, which can be easily installed in their banks. The safety and risk measures must be taken by the company while selecting the Accounting information system. ERP System will help the banks in facilitating their business process on a regular bas is. Comprehensive approach must be used by the banks while implementing the ERP System as it saves time and cost. The ERP system must provide the banks with effective working environment (Fub, et al., 2007). Market Size The Commonwealth Bank Of Australia is the largest retail bank of Australia. It is considered among the top four banks of Australia. 50% of the market share is acquired by the CBA. The total profits earned by this bank in the year 2016 were A$9.227 billion. This bank operates in various countries. This bank offers services to more than 1 million people. Also, this bank has around 50,000 employees working in its organization (Mnjala, 2014). The main vision of the bank is helping it to acquire a major market share by satisfying the needs of its customers. The total revenue earned by the bank is around A$24.578 billion in the year 2016 and amounts to A$12.856 billion of operating income in the year 2016 (Scrimshaw McKinnon, 2001). Competitive advantage of market leaders Increased competition in the banking industry due to innovations in technology has caused problems for the players in the market. Every bank aims at developing and updating its technologies in order to achieve its goals and gain competitive advantage. The market leaders in the Australian banking industry are so many, which increases the competition for CBA. It becomes important for every organization to consistently develop various changes in the technological environment in order to face the competitions and gain the competitive advantage over the rival banks. The banks must aim at establishing their core competencies, which will help in providing more and more of customer services and this will further help in gaining competitive strength (Awuah, 20114). By using various core competencies, the banks can easily develop new technologies, which will help in sustaining the competitive advantage over the other market leaders. Various competitive strategies are used by the banks in order to achieve competitive advantage. Other market leaders like Westpac Bank, National Australia Bank and the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group are a serious threat to the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Current Gaps and Challenges The banking sector is currently facing an immense number of challenges, which cause serious effects to their market share and position. The global changes have a direct impact on the banks. The complexities of technological environment are the most important and common challenge faced by the banks. Various changes in the organizational structure, culture and services imposes a serious challenge on the employees (KPMG, 2016). The employees have to face change in the technology and infrastructure of the banks due to new innovations in the core technology platforms. The customers also face problems relating to the breakdown in their services due to adaptation of new technologies. The banks are consistently facing problems, which also affect the needs of their customers that further leads to the competition from the other banks. The changing trends have led the banks to face debts and bankruptcy issues. Thereby, in order to cope up with such issues and challenges, the banks need to depen d on the effective Accounting Information Systems in order to compete and sustain in the global banking sector (Sharma Prasad, 2014). Conclusion From the above stated study, it can be concluded that the Commonwealth Bank of Australia is the largest and the leading bank of Australia. The bank aims at satisfying its customers by adopting the new changes in its core technology platform. Also, the bank has consistently faced issues regarding the complexities in the technologies. This report has successfully examined the AIS operations used by the CBA and various challenges and gaps have also been outlined. A complete study of the technology systems and competition from the market leaders has been done. References ACS Foundation, 2011. Technology careers on show: Industry foundation, Available at: https://www.acsfoundation.com.au/assets/feedback/021_IAJulAug11_Foundationi-1.pdf. Amiri, A. Salari, H., 2013. Effect of Accounting Information System (AIS) on Software qualitative. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 2(4), pp. 06-11. Awuah, L., 20114. An Evaluation of Strategies for Achieving Competitive Advantage in the Banking Industry. 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Risks and Controls in the Implementation of ERP Systems. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 1(1), pp. 47-68. KPMG, 2016. Ten key regulatory challanges facing the banking and capital markets industry in 2016, Available at: https://kpmg.com.au/portals/0/N13616ADV_Top10_Regularity_FS-WEB.pdf Mnjala, D., 2014. The Challenges of Creating Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Banking Industry in Kenya. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 16(4), pp. 82-87. Nichols, C., 2016. How To Increase Your Banks Commercial Pull Through Rate, Available at: https://csbcorrespondent.com/blog/how-increase-your-bank%E2%80%99s-commercial-%E2%80%9Cpull-through%E2%80%9D-rate Njihia, E. Mwirigi, E., 2014. The Effects of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems on Firms Performance: A Survey of Commercial Banks in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 3(8), pp. 120-129. Schlagwein, D., Thorogood, A. Willcocks, L., 2014. 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