Five

Introduction According to Porter, five forces influence competition in any sector or industry. These forces include threat of new entrants, threat of substitute commodities or services, buying power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry (Porter, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Five-Forces Model in Google specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These forces determine the intensity of competition in any industry. They determine the strategies that organizations and businesses adopt. Google is a multinational corporation that provides services in the internet and software industries. These industries are crowded with many technology companies thus making it highly competitive. Supplier power There is low supplier bargaining power because Google has dominated for a very long time. Google is one of the largest technology companies in the world. It has dominated many aspects of the internet and softw are industry. However, some of its products have not satisfied the needs of consumers. Its growth has stagnated due to threats of forward integration. Rival companies that include Apple and Microsoft continually release new software that challenge the dominance of Google as the preferred search engine (Tar, 2011). On the other hand, these companies continue to use different strategies to eliminate competition. For example, Microsoft embeds its search software into its browser (Tar, 2011). This makes its tool the search engine of choice for people who use its browser. Suppliers mainly rely on Google for services such as advertisements. For example, the ad system was developed in such a way that advertisers and other beneficiaries are Google clients. Therefore, they try to maintain good relationships, thus rendering themselves powerless. Buyer power There is strong buyer power that promotes Google’s dominance. However, rival companies offer products that intensify competition i n the internet and software industries. If customers opt for products from other companies, then its revenues would drop due to reduction in clients that seek advertisement services. Google expanded its dominance by developing an open source operating system (Android) (Tar, 2011). Currently, it is the most preferred and used mobile phone operating system in the market. Other operating systems such as Windows from Microsoft and iOS from Apple have fewer customers (Tar, 2011). Google’s products are affordable hence the high demand compared to products from rival companies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competitive rivalry There is moderate competitive rivalry. Google commands the largest share of internet searches. Its greatest rivals include Yahoo and MSN. However, it is the most preferred and used search engine. The corporation has dominated the internet for many ye ars because of its innovativeness and creativity. Features such as Google maps, Google Earth, and Street View have attracted users to the search engine (Tar, 2011). These features are unique to Google only. Even though rivals make improvements on their products, they do not propel them to dominate the markets. They lack creativity and innovativeness. After development of the Android operating system, demand for Google’s products soared (Hamen, 2011). Rival products that challenge its dominance include Apple’s iOS and other software developed for computers and mobile devices. Competition is moderate because very few mobile devices use the iOS. The greatest percentage of mobile devices on the market today uses the Android operating system. However, the iPhone has a larger market share compared to any phone that operates on Android. Threat of substitution There is a very low threat of substitution for Google. The internet is the main source of information and data in toda y’s information age. Reliance on the internet for information is based on use of search engines and other services that retrieve information from searches conducted by users. For many years, Google has been the dominant search engine. With such dominance, the corporation has established itself as the search engine of choice (Tar, 2011). This eradicates any possibility of Google’s substitution in the near future. Moreover, the corporation’s innovativeness guarantees its survival and continued dominance. Threat of new entry There is moderate threat of new entries on Google’s dominance. The technology industry has many entry barriers that prevent emergence of new entrants. Examples of entry barriers include stiff competition, dominance by few companies, and large amount of capital required (Hamen, 2011). Google has developed a wide array of products that make its dominance almost insurmountable (Hamen, 2011). The only threat could come from a company that en ters the technology market and chooses to focus on only one product. For example, a new entrant could use resources on development of a search engine to compete with Google. However, this would be detrimental to growth because in case of failure, the entire investment would be lost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Five-Forces Model in Google specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The internet and software industries are highly competitive and lucrative. Google has successfully dominated the internet sector through innovation and creativity. There is low supplier power and strong buyer power. Competitive rivalry is moderate thus promoting Google’s dominance of internet search engines sector. There is low threat of substitution because Google’s products are dominant in the internet and software industries. On the other hand, the threat of new entrants is moderate. The corporation’s wide a rray of products and services cushions it against competition and threats from new entrants. References Hamen, S. (2011). Google: The Company and Its Founders. New York: ABDO. Porter, M. (2008). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and  Competitors. New York: Simon and Schuster. Tar, A. (2011). Google Inc.-An Industry Power House. New York: GRIN Verlag. This essay on Five-Forces Model in Google was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marijuana in medicine Essay Example

Marijuana in medicine Essay Example Marijuana in medicine Paper Marijuana in medicine Paper The use of Cannabis sativa or most commonly called Marijuana has been and is still considered a very contentious issue. With the general public split into two opposing ideas, the use of this plant has been extensively discussed in many countries even up to the house of legislations. With this ever growing trend in the use of Cannabis, it is but proper to identify for ourselves why Cannabis should be used in the world of medicine and pharmaceutics. With the public legislators and advocacies at both against and in support of the use of Cannabis, remaining silent and waiting for what the outcome would be is a very passive way of becoming a more productive individual. In this light, this paper was conceived for the sole purpose of persuading the young minds into making a move regarding this issue of the use of marijuana in medicine. More than that, since there is a deficit of knowledge regarding this issue, it is but necessary to dig up the past and start from ground zero. Gradually, the paper would come to identify the reasons and salient points as to why the use of marijuana in medicine is a justifiable act. It should be regarded, however, that although this paper would elucidate the reasons as to why medicinal use of marijuana should be allowed in the United States, the use of marijuana for recreational use would not be explored by the writer. Â  Cannabis sativa is a species grown from the procurement of marijuana, hashish and hash oil and has been identified a family of Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis (Campbell, 2001). THC or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the main psychoactive ingredient of marijuana which is claimed to be a substance of potential abuse (Spinella, 2001). This image of Cannabis as a much abused plant for recreational purpose paved the way for its being included in the Controlled Substances Act. However, because of marijuana’s being overshadowed by its possibility if being abused plus the false claims against it, many people failed and is still failing to see the benefits that we may get from its being used in the medicinal aspect. It may also be used for fuel and paper production, as well as producing oil which can be used in a variety of products. The specific use of marijuana which stands out amongst all is that it can be a depressant and is a mood-altering herb. The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) under the Comprehensive Drug Act was a federal law which consolidated the laws regarding the usage of narcotics and illicit drugs. This CSA contains five sections of controlled substance which section I being the most dangerous and section being the least dangerous narcotics and drugs. The thing that enrages many people, especially the advocates of medical use of marijuana, is the fact that marijuana is stashed in the first section which makes it much impossible to legalize and make use of this drug for the sole purpose of alleviating the sufferings of people and treating them for their survival. Several reasons are stated why this happened: (1) marijuana has a very big potential for abuse, (2) there is no presently established medical use in the treatment of people with the use of marijuana and (3) is that there is a lack of conventional protection for using marijuana even under medical surveillance. In the United States, there are currently several states which have legalized the use of Cannabis for medicinal purposes. The law however only covers protection from State law and not from Federal Law. Since the federal laws are not showing any indication in changing their status regarding the non-usage of marijuana even for medicinal purposes, these states have initiated a voting process with the general public regarding the legalization of marijuana’s medicinal use in that certain state. Just lately, in the Vermont General Assembly of 2004, the state officials have stated that the Medical Marijuana Act that they have put into effect does not violate Federal Laws for the reason that (1) 99 out of 100 criminal arrests regarding the use of marijuana involves State Laws rather than Federal laws and (2) protecting the medicinal use of marijuana would save the arrest of many people who are in dire need of marijuana-containing medicines and (3) there is a non-indication of the Federal government to change their policy with regards to medical use of marijuana (Medical Marijuana Bill, 2003). Several other states are also showing the potential of following the footsteps of these states into legalizing the medicinal use of marijuana. The fact that there is a continuous unsettlement with regards to the use of marijuana for medical purposes makes it somehow inevitable to think that indeed, marijuana really possesses important and significant substances which can be of great medicinal and therapeutic uses (Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1993 and Booth, 2003). First is that for cancer patients who are having their chemotherapy sessions, the incidence of hyper-emesis can be greatly reduced because of the presence of substances in marijuana which binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain, thus, lessening the incidences of emesis or vomiting (US Institute of Medicine, 1999). Second is that cannabinoids and cannabis contains substances which alleviates nausea and stimulates the appetite. This can be of great help especially to those patients which are receiving HIV/AIDS treatment (US Institute of Medicine). Cannabis is also proven to be effective in treating blindness due to glaucoma by decreasing the intra-ocular pressure, thus preventing the damage of optic nerves (Hepler and Petrus, 1971). Another significant effect of marijuana in medical use is that it helps prevent epilepsy from spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis by reducing the likelihood of muscle spasms because of its relaxant effect (Glass, Dragunow and Faull, 1997). More than that, marijuana is also known for its analgesic effects which are very effective in chronic pains especially to persons who have already developed a drug-tolerance to several analgesics (Noyes, et al, 1975). Similarly, it is also understood that as much as people wanted to use marijuana for medicinal purposes, it is being prohibited if not regulated because of its harmful effects on the part of the patient. That the use of marijuana is still being carefully watched for and currently being controlled by the feral laws is also a consequent manifestation that there are also adverse effects derived from its usage. The World Health Organization has summarized the negative effects of Cannabis in the health of a person (World Health Organization). Included in the acute effects of marijuana are cognitive impairments which can lead to less efficient memory. Psychomotor performance is also affected with its use; however, the effects are less harmful compared to the effect of alcohol to the psychomotor area. In terms of chronic effects, the most concerning is the cannabis dependence which may develop in a patient over time due to the alleviating effects of cannabis to his physique and psyche. In smoking cannabis, there are also risks for epithelial tissue injury in the airway and respiratory tract which may lead to respiratory illnesses. And lastly, the use of cannabis during pregnancy also has a teratogenic effect on the part of both the mother and the fetus and may lead to certain fetal abnormalities and maternal difficulties during gestation. In closely analyzing these detrimental effects, however, we can see that these harmful effects may only be due to the marijuana abuse or use of marijuana for recreation purpose- not for medicinal purposes. One example is the effect of respiratory injuries brought about by smoking. Consequently, smoking would not be a part of medicinal use of marijuana unless otherwise, the patient does medicate himself without the proper supervision of a medical professional. In the case of fetal and maternal effects, its use may be contraindicated so as to prevent these things from happening. In simple terms, the use of marijuana exclusively in the four corners of a medical institution or with the supervision of a medical professional, these detrimental effects may be barred from occurrence. The use of Cannabis has not been a big issue until the twentieth century and was actually accepted mainly as a plant of great therapeutic use most especially in the United States and other countries. It should always be remembered that although the use of cannabis have few detriments related to recreational use, the chance of survival and alleviation from suffering of patients should not be taken away. Advocacies of making marijuana legal for medicinal purpose fight for the strong belief that the legal system should also be compassionate when the need arises them to be. Living always by the book is good but is not always a justifiable act. Simply, the legislature should also be considerate and make legitimate the use of cannabis to patients who are in need of it. If what they fear are the detrimental effects of cannabis like drug dependence, it is already their imperative to counteract it with bills serving the purpose of regulating it only for those in need. It is however, greatly understood that the purpose of these laws is to prevent the abuse of system in case marijuana is legalized. However, if abuse happens, it should not just be blamed on the effect of cannabis itself but more than that, the implementation and structure of the system should also be questioned because the problem today is that the legal system is creating a greatly false image of Cannabis which is somehow contrary to its real image. Legalizing marijuana for medical use is indeed a justifiable act. What makes it unjustifiable to the eyes of the people is that there is already a general public impression on the plant itself. It is undeniable that there may be negative effects such as dependence and difficulty to withdraw; but it always depends on the outlook of the person taking it, the support of the medical team and the efficiency of the implementation of laws regarding its permission for medicinal purposes exclusively.

Pulp Fiction Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pulp Fiction - Movie Review Example The most obvious break from traditional film noir that Pulp Fiction makes is by being shot in color. The iconic image of this style of filmmaking is a perception arrived at through its very name. Film noir means dark film and one of its visual hallmarks is the symbolic use shadows and key lighting. Pulp Fiction introduces a new genre and closes the gap between itself and traditional. A film noir without a femme fatale is hardly a film noir at all. Mia Wallace fulfills the role of femme fatale from the start by almost literally acting as a siren who calls forth Vincent Vega into her lair. The classic femme fatale is a dangerous temptress within whose trap a not-terribly-bright man falls and Mia is certainly seductive enough toward Vince to get him trapped almost to the point of devastation once they return back home. It is exactly at this point that the standard conventions of film noir begin to fall apart. Film noir has a foundation of uncertainty and doubt that gives way to the darker impulses of the human mind. Upon returning back to Mia's house Vincent goes to the bathroom and engages in an interior debate over the intelligence of having sex with his boss' wife. In a standard film noir, any doubt naturally gives way to impulse rather than rationality. Vincent makes the decision to leave with a goodbye and it is only through the action of having doubts and that interior monologue that the subsequent events of the story take place and Mia goes into overdose. Film noir differs from conventional gangster, mobster, and detective movies through the introduction of shadows on the fringes of expected behavior; crooks can show goodness and law enforcement officers can become corrupt. The end is forecast equally well for both: destruction, probably in a violent way. Vincent's decision to give up the satisfactions of giving into the attraction with Mia can be read as a foreshadowing of what eventually becomes the thematic power of the film. Pulp Fiction's narrative is a distinctly non-linear manner shot out of chronological order. Jules seems balanced to become an important character only to disappear entirely for an hour and then make reappearance in exactly the same scene with which he was introduced. That scene includes something rarely found in the dark world of film noir: a reference to the Holy Bible. Jules likes to quote from the Bible before he assassinates and there is in this custom a link back to the wrath of God against sinners. The absence of Jules from the middle section of the film is a necessity that accounts for the non-linear construction. Vincent breaks with film noir tradition by rejecting the advances of a femme fatale, which is something that never happens in a classic noir film. Vincent's rejection is an indication of a more optimistic tone to be found in Pulp Fiction; a tone that contradicts the very root of film noir mechanics. Vincent's rejection of Mia is then compounded by the decision of Jules to reject his lifestyle. The middle part of the film of Pulp Fiction takes places after Jules has come to his decision to take his inexplicable escape from death in the opening of the film as a sign from God that it is time to walk away from his life as a hired assassin. If arranged chronologically the power of the scene in the diner would be taken away because it would become

Raising Capital in the Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Raising Capital in the Financial Markets - Essay Example Total equity capital of a company is divided into equal units of small denominations, each called a share. The company and merchant banker are however required to give full disclosures of the parameters which they had considered while deciding the issue price. There are two types of issues one where company and Lead Merchant Banker fix a price (called fixed price) and other, where the company and the Lead Manager (LM) stipulate a floor price or a price band and leave it to market forces to determine the final price. (Thompson 27) Primarily, issues can be classified as a Public, Rights or Preferential issues (also known as private placements). While public and rights issues involve a detailed procedure, private placements or preferential issues are relatively simpler. The classification of issues is illustrated below: Initial Public Offering is when an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of securities or an offer for sale of its existing securities or both for the first time to the public. This paves way for listing and trading of the issuer's securities. An Initial Public Offer (IPO) is the selling of securities to the public in the primary market. It is when an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of securities or an offer for sale of its existing securities or both for the first time to the public. This paves way for listing and trading of the issuer's securities. An Initial Public Offer (IPO) is the selling of securities to the public in the primary market. It is when an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of securities or an offer for sale of its existing securities or both for the first time to the public. This paves way for listing and trading of the issuer's securities. The sale of securities can be either through book building or through normal public issue. A follow on public offering (Further Issue) A follow on public offering is when an already listed company makes either a fresh issue of securities to the public or an offer for sale to the public, through an offer document. Rights Issue Rights Issue is when a listed company which proposes to issue fresh securities to its existing shareholders as on a record date. The rights are normally offered in a particular ratio to the number of securities held prior to the issue. This route is best suited for companies who would like to raise capital without diluting stake of its existing shareholders. A Preferential issue A Preferential issue is an issue of shares or of convertible securities by listed companies to a select group of persons which is neither a rights issue nor a public issue. This is a faster way for a company to raise equity capital. The issuer company has to comply with the all the regulations and the requirements laid down by the appropriate agencies pertaining to preferential allotment in Financial Market guidelines which inter-alia include pricing, disclosures in notice etc. Courtesy : Dyjan A "All About Money "page-52 Issue price The price at which a company's shares are offered initially in the primary market is called as the Issue price. When they begin to be traded, the market price may be above or below the issue price. Market Capitalization The market value of a quoted company, which is calculated by multiplying its current share price (market price) by the number of shares in issue is called as market capitalization. Listing of Securities Listing means admission of securities of an issuer to trading privileges on a stock exchange through a formal agreement. The prime objective of admission to dealings on the exchange is to provide liquidity and marketability

Janpanese director Yasujiro Ozu's tatami shotsenabled Ozu's films to Essay

Janpanese director Yasujiro Ozu's tatami shotsenabled Ozu's films to take the perspective of the audience, which draws the v - Essay Example In these films, Ozu engaged tatami shots style of cinematography in which he shoot his movies from the position below the eye level of the characters (Wood 122). This technique sensationalized his films and drew the audience to the closest engagement with the characters’ sensibilities by bringing the viewer to the nearest vicinity of the character’s emotions. In this essay, the use of the tatami shots technique will be evaluated by drawing examples from three Ozu films namely: Late Spring (1949), Early Summer (1951), and Tokyo Story (1953). Late Spring (1949) Late Spring (1949) is a drama film directed by Yasujiro Ozu and is based on the short story novella Father and Daughter by Kazuo Hirotsu (Bordwell & Kristin 394). The film is starring Chishu Ryu, an actress who features in almost all Ozu’s films, and Setsuko Hara, another frequent character in Ozu’s films (Wood 119). The most frequently notable aspect of the Late Spring film is the use of tatami shots ; a camera technique where the director shoots his actors from an extremely low position. The adoption of tatami shots in the Late Spring film enables the audience to engage with the emotions of the characters throughout the film. For example, the scene in which Noriko visits her friend Aya in her home. In this scene, Noriko is seen in a sitting position and the camera shoots Aya at a slightly elevated position, from which the audience can see Aya looking down towards her friend. The scene is shot in a way that the camera in both pictures is low, but the degrees are different. The shot controls the way the audience should follow and analyze the events in the narrative. Moreover, when Noriko is sitting, she does so looking up at Aya who is standing, but the camera shoots in the reverse order and concentrates on Noriko and, this way, the audience is forced to reject Aya’s point of view. Consequently, the tatami shots in this particular scene deny the viewer a chance of identify ing with Aya but with Noriko’s inhuman perspective. These shots, which are all over the film, are a reflection of a view from an individual sitting on a tatami mat (Wood 120). Interestingly, he shoots the same even when the scenes shots are taken from outside. The positioning of the camera, therefore, carries a sense of balance and order and enables the viewers to establish an emotional engagement with the characters. Early summer (1951), Another film in which Ozu used the tatami shots is Early Summer (1951); a post war film that recounts the problems of communication between generations and the emerging women role in post war Japan (Bordwell & Kristin 397). In this film, Noriko lives happily in an extended family, but this balance is threatened by her uncle’s visits and insistence that she should get married. Ozu uses the tatami shots in this film frequently. For example, there is a scene where Koichi and two older women are having a conversation concerning Norikoâ₠¬â„¢s marriage. The long shots in this scene show the three characters staring at diverse points as they talked to each other. The camera would then, at low angles, focus on one of the characters straight on the eyes different from the direction at the long shot. These tatami shots enable the viewer to read into the thoughts and emotions of the character. In yet another scene, where the mother, her daughter and her son are at the table, the characters are shot facing different

Developing Equality and Transparency

Developing Equality and Transparency Platon School Model United Nations 2014 | 7th –9th March 2014 Forum: Special Political Decolonisation Committee Issue: Promoting good governance and democracy through transparency and equality Student Officer: Anastasios Kardamakis Position: Chair PERSONAL INTRODUCTION Esteemed Delegates, My name is Anastasis Kardamakis and it is an honour to serve as a chairman in the fore coming 4th PS Model United Nations Conference. I am 16 years old and I am currently a student of the second class of the Arsakeio High School of Patras. hope that you will all take particular interest in the issues of the Political committee since they are crucial and affect us today. I would like to endorse personal research on the multiple aspects of the issues and come prepared to the conference acknowledging your countries’ policies as well as current affairs. My final advice will be to come up with creative solutions and have a strong will for participation in all procedures. INTRODUCING TOPIC â€Å"Addressing todays inter-linked challenges requires sound,  forward-looking public policies and transparent, accountable governance  structures that embody solidarity with the poorest and most vulnerable Secretary General Ban Ki-moon â€Å"Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.† Former Secretary General Kofi Annan   The dawn of the 21st century has been marked by the unlimited access to information and international efforts aiming at the protection of human rights and equality of all forms. Both the aforementioned social trends are key aspects of the universally recognized ideal of democracy as well as the so called good governance in the community of nations. Therefore, it is the duty of every national government and a responsibility of the United Nations system to ensure that every governmental activity is transparent and every group has equal rights with the others regardless of their origin, religious beliefs, social status, sex, educational and financial background as ways to promote democracy and good governance. DEFINITION OF KEY-TERMS Governance: the activity of governing a country (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary). Governance is considered  «good to the degree in which a countrys institutions and processes are transparent. Democracy: a system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary) Transparency: the fact of being transparent (Longman dictionary of contemporary English). In the context of the state â€Å"transparency† means that the citizens are aware of the plans and actions of the government and its institutions. Equality: the fact of being equal in rights, status, advantages etc ( Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary).The equality forms that are associated with the issue are gender,political,religious,racial and legal ones. HISTORICAL AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION Good democratic governance and Equality â€Å"In a democracy there is, first that most splendid of virtues, equality before the Law† Herodotus, ancient Greek historian Equality is a key aspect of democracy and good governance. When the mob revolted in France in 1789, among others, they demanded equal status of all the citizens before the law and human rights .The female movements all over Europe and America in the 19th and 20th centuries called for gender equality and the African people rose their arms against the western colonizers because the wanted to gain their independence and bring an end to the discrimination owing to their origin. These examples from human history confirm how important gender, social, racial and legal equality is for the progress of humanity and the promotion of democratic reforms. When all the citizens of a nation are equal, then all the opinions on collective matters can be heard and therefore the purpose of pluralism is served. Many conventions have been signed and ratified by States aiming at the maintenance of equal rights such as but not limited to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination again st Women (CEDAW),the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. Those treaties protect and cordially endorse the aforementioned forms of equality. When women are empowered and able to vote and work, foreign nationals are not afraid to practice their cultural and religious beliefs in public. Everyone is subject to the same laws and their personal freedom is ensured, then the states are able to achieve sustainable development, the economy flourishes and the ties between the members of a society are tight. In essence, these are the characteristics of good governance. So it is apparent to anyone that strengthening equality of every form is a solid way to promote good governance and democracy. Good democratic governance and transparency â€Å"Information is the currency of democracy† Thomas Jefferson, 3rd US President According to the United Nations, democracy and good governance must be characterized by transparency. Transparency and more specifically social transparency is the cornerstone of democratic governance as it enables citizens everywhere to hold institutions and governments accountable for their policies and performance. It is based on a combination of politics and ethics in which the interests and needs are focused in the citizen. When the citizens are fully aware of the implementation of national policies, the work of institutions and the actions of their elected governments, there is trust and better cooperation between individuals and the authorities, the public sector is free of corruption and bribery and the right of every person to know the way his government acts is not being abused. The new technologies allow the continuous flow of information regarding a country’s policies and as a result everyone can be informed about the latest updates. In other words, transparency pr ovides â€Å"a universal rationale for the provision of good records management systems, archives, and financial regulatory and monitoring systems† whilst fighting corruption which hinders the right of knowledge of the society. Last but not least it has to be mentioned that the large movement toward transparency dates back only in 1990s when international organizations such the UN,IMF ( International Monetary Fund) and the World Bank wanted to see democratic practices and stable political Leadership in various Member States. TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT INCIDENTS Events related to equality 1787: United States constitution was the first to include equality before God and Law as the Founding fathers realised that this was a way to promote democracy in the newly founded State. However, this was a premature statement because it lacked basic forms of equality such as racial and gender one and it would take many years to develop as a constitutional idea. 1789: This year the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was signed. Its first article reads â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights† .This declaration was the foundation of the brief French Republic. Neither the French nor the American revolutions and their philosophical foundations however led to full gender or political equality. It would take many years of revolutions, feminist and anti-discrimination movements as well as wars until equality became a basic concept of legislation. 1948: The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal declaration of Human Rights. Its first article reads â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights†. This phrase is not just important because it stated that any form of discrimination towards an individual is outlaw. It also promoted democracy as most constitutions today include it as their first clause. Many Member States of the UN have signed acts or treaties so as to end inequality. One example is the United Kingdom which in 2010 implemented Equality Act 2010 that aimed at reducing socio-economic inequalities, reforming and harmonising equality law and eradicating differences in pay between male and female employees. Events related to transparency Some extent of transparency existed in the Athenian democracy where there was a system of civilian oversight of public funds and the wealth and incomes of all public figures (including generals), so that they did not benefit from their public positions. In the 18th and 19th centuries with a rise in representative government accountability and transparency became much broader in scope. The U.S. Constitution required the legislative and executive branches to publish laws, regulations, and proceedings. Most western countries though began to adopt domestic legislation for accountability and transparency in the 1950s.In addition to that the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has adopted standards and proposes model legislation to govern institutions, such as corporations, nonprofit organizations, and trade unions. The United Kingdom has also enacted comprehensive freedom of information legislation for the public sector. In 1996, the IMF stressed the importance of promoting good governance in all its aspects, including by ensuring the rule of law, improving the efficiency and accountability of the public sector, and tackling corruption, as essential elements of a framework within which economies can prosper. Finally, in 2003 the United Nations adopted the United Nations Convention against corruption (UNCAC) which proposed mechanisms to combat corruption. MAJOR PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE ISSUE Organisations and agencies United Nations: Through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF), the Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and the Office of the High Commissioner for the Human Rights (OHCHR), promote human rights, the rule of law, and women’s participation in political life to ensure the access to information by strengthening legislation and media capacities. In particular, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has adopted the resolution A/RES/55/96 which promotes and consolidates democracy. Moreover in 2007 the UN adopted resolution A/RES/61/245 making the organization more transparent. Countries This issue is general and therefore affects all countries both those which need a political transition to democracy and those which are in need of democratic reforms. Countries with non democratic systems: In this category belong states with authoritarian regimes, monarchic, communistic or theocratic ones. In order to exemplify, some of these countries are DPR Korea, the Syrian Arab Republic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ,the Peoples’ Republic of China ,Kazakhstan and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Because of their political system freedom of expression and participation in democratic procedures do not exist. There is no transparency or equality, even legal or gender one which have been deemed fundamental nowadays. United Nations statistics show that in these Member States high levels of corruption especially among high officials and poverty problems have not been eradicated. Democratic Nations: The majority of the modern states fall into this category. However, there is always the prospect of reforms so as to ensure that all governmental actions are transparent and the human rights in terms of equality are not violated. This is because many cases of suspicious illegal governmental actions have been reported among with human rights abuse ones. States have to realize that so as for them to savour the benefits of good governance, fundamental human rights must be respected. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS All delegates are highly encouraged to find their own solutions to this issue after taking into consideration their countries policies. This study guide is purely to help them gain an insight into this political topic but some realistic and possible solutions would be that all Member States ,despite their different views about politics, engage in negotiations for better equality of their citizens and also agree on the establishment of an independent UN agency under the Secretary General whose main responsibility will be to promote transparency by encouraging and consulting governments to publish their decisions on line and in newspapers as well as combat corruption and bribery because both actions undermine good governance. Also, each Member State can open a national-level dialogue with individuals in order to increase participation of all national groups to governance and become more transparent. Finally, Non-Governmental organizations such as Transparency International and Human Ri ghts Watch can assist the Member States’ work by organizing educational campaigns and reporting any case of corruption, lack of accountability and inequality to the United Nations and its relevant agencies. BIBLIOGRAPHY AFRICAN CHARTER ON DEMOCRACY, ELECTIONS AND GOVERNANCE 28 Dec. 2013 http://www.achpr.org/instruments/charter-democracy/ Democracy Web 28 Dec.2013 http://www.democracyweb.org/accountability/history.php UN adopted resolution A/RES/61/245 28 Dec. 2013 http://www.un.org/ga/president/62/issues/resolutions/a-res-61-245.pdf United Nations cyberschoolbus 28 Dec. 2013 https://cyberschoolbus.un.org/briefing/governance/gvprogress.htm United Nations global issues /governance 28 Dec. 2013 http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/governance/ United Nations global issues/ democracy 28 Dec. 2013 http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/democracy/index.shtml Wikipedia / Equality Act 2010 28 Dec.2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Act_2010 Multimedia resources http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoQFKv7SFzA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ao0qAoApT1M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BV6epYm5h18

Reaction to Beloved :: essays research papers

Reaction To Beloved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie Beloved was a tale of a woman who is so devastated by the evil of slavery. Therefore she is willing to kill her toddler daughter rather than allow her to be taken back into the horror. This murderous act proves itself to be a choice, which only further enslaves her soul as her daughter’s ghost haunts her life. The movie was set in the 1800’s. Sethe is a pregnant slave on a Kentucky plantation named Sweet Home. She was under control by a violent slave master. To me there is no reason or excuse for this kind of evil. The enslavement and brutal treatment of our fellow human beings is a spiritual scar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Sethe gives birth to Beloved and is reunited with her children in Ohio. The happiness of this reunion is turn into a tragic event as she sees her former master riding up to the house with the local sheriff. Sethe knows that he is coming back to take her children back into slavery, she runs into the shed, cuts the throat of her two year old daughter, Beloved, and hits her sons’ heads with a shovel. Her sons didn’t die but beloved did. Soon after the tragic event the spirit of Beloved haunts Sethe’s house. The scene of seeing Sethe kill Beloved is very disturbing to witness. The ghostly tantrum of Beloved comes back over and over again to disrupt Sethe’s home. Her two sons become very scared by the haunts of Beloved. Sethe’s younger daughter, Denver becomes calm with her mother and the ghost, and she never leaves the house and yard. Sethe also becomes ok with the ghost presence in the house. She keeps denying that she did anything wrong by killing Beloved. So she feels that she doesn’t need any help.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is often the way evil take over our lives. Rather than having the courage to face the evil we suffer , as Sethe did she affected her own children with this violence. Sethe became in denial with her responsibility. She accepted the pain of her guilt and shame with a lie towards her dignity. She felt everything was right and didn’t want to ask for forgiveness and victory over the evil. But soon a physical form of Beloved comes to Sethe’s house. The girl who act as Beloved is real and demanding like a spoiled child.