Case Study On Euro Land Foods Finance Essay

Case Study On Euro Land Foods Finance Essay The company was founded in 1924 by Theo verdin a previous as a subsidiary of his dairy business. His keen attention to product Development and grew business steadily over the year .the company went public in year 1979 and by 1993, was listed on trading in the London and Germany exchanges. In January 2001, the senior management of Euro land foods was to draw the firm’s one year capital budget and up for new 11 major projects are imposed to spending limit on capital of 120 million pound. Investment at that rate would be representing a major increase in the firm’s current assets base on 965 million pound. The senior manager challenge of Euro land foods to allocate funds among a range of compelling project, new product introduce and preventive maintenance, safety and pollution control. As a matter of policy, investment proposals at Euro land foods were subject to two financial test, payback and internal rate of return. NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) The net present value (NPV) re quires cash flow discounting by making use of the so-called risk-adjusted cost of capital, which serves the purpose of accounting for risk. A widespread model employed for computing the cost of capital is the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Rubinstein (1973) and other scholars in the late 1960s and 1970s have provided the link between CAPM and capital budgeting decisions: in their classical contributions they show that, if the CAPM assumptions are met, then the cost of capital is a function of the systematic risk, which is given by the beta of the project. The latter depends in turn on the cost of the project, which implies that it is a disequilibrium beta. The corresponding NPV is therefore disequilibrium NPV. If†¦ It means†¦ Then†¦ NPV > 0 the asset would add value to the definite the venture may be acknowledged NPV < 0 the asset would take from value as of the firm the plan should be unwanted NPV = 0 the asset would neither gain nor misplace value for the firm We should be uncaring in the conclusion whether to accept or refuse the project. This plan adds no monetary value. Decision should be base on other criteria, e.g. designed position or other factors not evidently included in the calculation. Formula: Npv =CFo+ ___CF____ ( 1+k) n Example:- Year Cash flow Present Value 0 100,000 1 22,727 2 20,661 3 18,783 4 17,075 5 15,523 Internal rate of return:- It is a different economical cash flow practice which takes report of the extent and time of cash flow. Formula: – IRR=LOWER RATE+ npv at lower rate x (HIGHER RATE -LOWER Rate) Npv at lower rate -NPV at higher rate Example 1. If a speculation may be given by the chain of cash flows: Year (n) Cash Flow (Cn) 0 -4000 1 1200 2 1410 3 1875 4 1050 Then the IRR  r  is given by . In this case, the answer is 14.3%. 1. Project with NPV and IRR:- The research on the resource-constrained project scheduling problem is focused mainly on two types of objectives: objectives based on time and obje ctives based on cost. Both of these factors, i.e. time and cost, are indispensable in practical applications. Year

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exam - Essay Example Word documents are acceptable by the system, uploaded documents can not be graded automatically and thus create major problems. Save the attachment (.doc) or copy and paste the quiz and the answer sheet to your word processor. Enter your answers directly  into your word processor version. When you have finished entering your answers, save your answers to your computer (always keep a copy of your work).   To submit your exam, please go to your Assignments Folder and click on the tab for FINAL EXAM. Copy and paste your exam answers into the text box and click on "Submit For Grading." (Attachments are acceptable but try copying and pasting first, let attachments be your last resort). Using the Rich Text Editor (RTE) will help preserve the formatting of your answer sheet; consult the Help Desk if you need help with installing or using the RTE. (In the upper right-hand corner of your screen, see Options, then Account Preferences to enable the RTE.) If you have any questions please con tact WebTycho support line! Q. 1 – 40: Objective-Type Questions (1 point per question) Please use alphabet answers where applicable. 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. E 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. E 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. L 32. J 33. C 34. N 35. D 36. H 37. I 38. M 39. F 40. K Essay Questions (10 points each). Choose and answer only six (6) essay questions. If you answer more than six, only the first six will be graded. Essay # 2 A)- Five structures present in a human knee joint are; i- Patella ii- Bursae iii- Meniscus iv- Articular Cartilage v- Joint Cavity B)- Two types of arthritis are described below: Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, usually occurs in elderly people because of normal wear and tear. Although it appears to be a natural result of aging, such factors as obesity and repeated trauma can contribute to the disease. Osteoarthritis occurs mostly in joints us ed in weight bearing, such as the hips, knees, and spinal column. It involves breakdown of cartilage and narrowing of the joint space, with growth of bone spurs at the edges of the joints. The disease can be avoided by staying active and getting exercise to help maintain the joint and overall movement. Rheumatoid arthritis is a crippling condition characterized by joint swelling in the hands, the feet, and elsewhere as a result of inflammation and overgrowth of the synovial membranes and other joint tissues. The articular cartilage is gradually destroyed, and the joint cavity develops adhesions so that the joints stiffen and ultimately become useless. The exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis is uncertain. However, the disease shares many characteristics of autoimmune disorders, in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues. The role of inherited susceptibility is clear. Successful treatment includes rest, appropriate exercise, medications to reduce pain and swellin g, and suppression of the immune response. Essay # 4 A)- The nephron is the basic urine forming unit of the kidney. The nephron regulates the proportions of urinary water, waste, and other materials according to the body’s constantly changing needs. B)- The five parts of nephron are; i- Afferent Arteriole ii- Proximal Convoluted Tubule iii- Distal Convoluted Tubule iv- Loop of Henle v- Collecting Duct C)- The above mentioned parts are located in the following sections of the kidney; i- Afferent Arteriole -- is located in the renal cortex. ii- Proximal Conv

Pharmacology in nursing-Psychiatric disorder Assignment

Pharmacology in nursing-Psychiatric disorder - Assignment Example On the other hand, FGAs have less efficiency and adverse side-effects characterized by extrapyramidal side-effects. In spite of their efficiency, SGAs also have their own side-effects such as weight gain and the ability to increase vulnerability to diabetes. As such, treatment of depression and psychosis requires careful consideration of various factors, such as age, pre-existent conditions, and polypharmacy among many other factors before making a choice of the treatment drug. In addition to making a choice on the antipsychotics applicable, medical practitioners also have to consider the possibility of incorporating non-pharmacologic approaches such as psychotherapy for youth with difficult-to-treat depression. Additionally, issues of patients using herbal medications, such as St. John’s Wort, have to be advised appropriately to avert potential harm and side-effects from polypharmacy. This paper critically reviews the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of psychosis and de pression. It also briefly highlights the use of psychotherapy and alternative medicine-St. John’s Wort. ... that vary in severity, and these may include schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, drug-induced psychosis and psychotic depression. Psychosis affects approximately 3% of the United States (U.S) population, with 1% of the cases being schizophrenic (Lehne, 2012). On the other hand, depression is a mood disorder condition characterized by feelings of sadness, anger, loss, frustration and aversion of activity. These are common feelings, but actual clinical depression is a situation in which these feelings occur often and cause interference on day-to-day activities. The condition may also elicit other behaviors such as overeating, which could finally lead to obesity. Epidemiologic statistics show that depression is prevalent in the most developed nations, with U.S. being the leading nation. Lifetime prevalence differs greatly from 3% in Japan to as high as 17% in the U.S. Populations in most nations experience depression at a rate ranging between 8% and 12% (Lehne, 2 012). The treatment of psychosis and depression has for a very long time relied on antipsychotics as the first line of treatment. In addition to the pharmacological approach, family and cognitive behavioral therapies have also been recommended for long-term treatment. The use of antipsychotics has in the past presented mixed reactions among users and still continues to present a dilemma in the treatment of psychosis and depression. Notably, the challenge appeared in 2004 and 2005 when the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) recommended a â€Å"black box warning† on antidepressants used to treat depressed and psychotic adolescents (Ho, 2012). A â€Å"black box warning† is any alert that appears on the insert of any prescription and warns against adverse effects of using a certain drug. In the