Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Goals

Millennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are, eight goals put in place by the 191 UN states, the goals are set to be reached by the year 2015. Signed September of 2000, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015, the United Millennium Declaration commits leaders of the world to combat literacy, hunger, environmental degradation, disease, and discrimination against women. Having specific targets and indicators, the MDGs are acquired from this Declaration. The eight goals are, to eradicate hunger and extreme poverty, achieve universal primary education, empower women and promote gender equality, lessen the deaths in children, improve the health of mothers, combat diseases for example HIV/AIDS and†¦show more content†¦The monitoring progress indicator for this would be, maternal mortality ratio and the number of births attended by a skilled healthcare person. o The second target is to have universal access to reproductive health by 2015. T he monitoring progress indicators for this target according to MDG Indicators 2008 are, the rate of contraceptive prevalence, the birth rates of adolescents, antenatal care coverage, and the need for family planning that is unmet. †¢ To Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other Diseases Targets and Monitoring Progress Indicator: o The first target is to have stopped and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015. The monitoring progress indicators according to MDG Indicators 2008 are, the prevalence of HIV among those between the ages of 15-24, condom use, correct comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS for the population of those of the aged 15-24, the ratio of orphans to non-orphans attendance at school between the ages of 10-14. o The second target is universal access for all of those who need treatment for HIV/AIDS, to be achieved by 2010. The monitoring progress indicator for this is, access to antiretroviral drugs (MDG Indicators 2008). The antiretroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS have increased between the years 2004-2009 (Vandemoortele 2011). o The

John F Kennedy Essay Thesis Example For Students

John F Kennedy Essay Thesis In another bizarretwist to a mystery that has haunted Americans for more thana quarter century, the son of a former Dallas police officerplans to tell the world that his father was one of the assassinsof President John F. Kennedy. Ricky White, a 29-year-old,unemployed oil equipment salesman in Midland, says hehad no conception of ever, ever giving this story out butdecided to do so after FBI agents began asking questions inMay 1988. Im telling you a story that has touched me, notonly others, and I feel uncomfortable just telling it tostrangers, White said during a recent interview with theAustin American-Statesman. Monday in Dallas, White isscheduled to show reports material implicating his father,Roscoe Anthony White, in the 1963 assassination. Itsuggests that White, who died in 1971, was a member of anassassination team of three shooters, that he fired two of thethree bullets that killed the president, and that he also killedDallas police officer J. D. Tippit during the manhunt for LeeHarvey Oswald. Among the material: a rifle with telescopicsight that uses the same kind of ammunition as Oswalds gun;records showing that Oswald and White served together inthe Marines; three faded messages that appear to bedecoded orders to kill someone in Dallas in November1963; and a sons recollections of his fathers incriminatingdiary a document that is missing. The press conference isbeing sponsored by two private groups the JFKAssassination Information Centre of Dallas and theAssassination Archives and Research Centre of Washington and some Midland Businessmen. The possibility of RickyWhites story being a hoax a falsehood concocted either byRicky or his father has not been dismissed by the peopleurging him to publicly talk about the matter. During the last27 years, many private researchers have claimed to havefound evidence of a conspiracy, only to be proved wrong ordeceitful. Bernard Fensterwald, executive director of theAssassination Archives and Research Centre, say s if therewas a conspiracy, Ricky White may have the key. I thinkits our best shot, he says, and we better take it. J. GaryShaw, co-director of the JFK Assassination InformationCentre, says he hopes Whites story will result in aninvestigation of the assassination by Texas authorities. TwoWashington-based probes the Warren Commission in1963-64 and the House Select Committee onAssassinations in 1976-78 failed to resolve the enigma of theKennedy shooting, Shaw maintains. As with previousconspiracy theories, Whites story is tantalizing, the evidenceintriguing. Yet, as with other theories, it raises morequestions than it answers such as: Who issued the ordersto the so-called assassination team? Why was theassassination ordered against Kennedy? And why is RickyWhite telling this story now? AN OSWALDCONNECTION Using clues discovered in his fatherseffects and relying on available government records, RickyWhite says he has determined that Roscoe White and LeeHarvey Oswald probably met in 1 957. Ricky Whitesmother, Geneva, is gravely ill and unable to be interviewed,family members say. According to Military records, bothWhite and Oswald were among a contingent of U.S. Marines, who boarded the USS Bexar in San Diego thatyear for the 22-day trip to Yokosuka, Japan. In its finalreport, the Warren Commission published a photo ofOswald with other Marines in the Philippines. All but one ofthe Marines was squatting on the ground. Ricky White sayshis father claimed to have been the standing Marine andclaimed to have become acquainted with Oswald in Japanand the Philippines. Military records show that RoscoeWhite took frequent unexplained trips in the Pacific, andRicky White says that his fathers diary described those assecret intelligence assignments. It has been established inprevious investigations that Oswald was discharged in 1959and defected to the Soviet Union. He returned to the UnitedStates in mid-1962, settling first in Fort Worth with hisRussian-born wife, then moving to Dallas a short time later. Military records show Roscoe White was discharged in late1962, joining his wife and two young sons in Paris, Texas. Ricky White says that shortly thereafter, his father moved thefamily to Dallas and took a job as an insurance salesman. MAN WITH TWO NAMES Ricky White says that twomonths ago he found several faded messages in a militaryweapons canister in the attic of Geneva Whites parentshome in Paris. Ricky believes the messages to be decodedcables in which Mandarin, a name he says his father wasknown by, was told his next assignment would be toeliminate a National Security threat to worldwide peace inHouston, Austin, or Dallas. Another message from the samesource C. Bowers of Navy Intelligence identifiedDallas as the destination and provided White with a list ofcontacts. It stated White had a place hidden within thedepartment. The message was dated September 1963 thesame month that Geneva White began a brief stint as acocktail hostess at Jack Rubys Carousel Club in Dallas. Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days after the Kennedyassassination. Dallas police records show that on Oct. 7,1963, Roscoe White joined the department as aphotographer and clerk. He did not become a patrol officeruntil 1964. A staff member in the police personneldepartment said recently that Whites file contains no jobreferences. Ricky White says his fathers diary referred toseveral trips made during this period to a remote area in thefoothills near Van Horn, Texas. There, Roscoe White andseveral others practised shooting at moving targets, RickyWhite says. Although he was younger than 3 years old,Ricky White says he has vague memories of being taken toVan Horn. My impression was they (others at the VanHorn camp) had been working with my father in themilitary, Ricky White says, because they had known eachother well when this took place. A FOOTLOCKER ANDDIARY Ricky White says that, after his grandfather died in1982, he was given his fathers footlocker, which had beenstored in the grandf athers house in Paris. The lockercontained military memorabilia, a Marine uniform, a safedeposit box key and a black leather-bound diary with goldtrim that detailed Roscoe Whites life. As he and his motherread the diary, Ricky White says they found passages thatimplicated Roscoe White in the Kennedy assassination. Mymother and I cried together, he says, because it hurt verydeeply to learn what I know now. It hurt so much becausethe man I had known couldnt have fired those shots. It tookthis investigation to be able to learn its true. And my familysgiven a part of themselves to tell the story. From the diaryhe says he learned the significance of the hunting rifle hisfather gave him: a 7.65mm Mauser with telescopic sight, anArgentine rifle that shoots round-nose, elongated bullets projectiles that closely resemble those of aMannlicher-Carcano, an Italian rifle that Oswald wasaccused of using. After reading the diary, White says he wasconvinced his father was one of three assassins who fired sixshots from Mauser rifles into the presidents open toplimousine in Dealey Plaza. Roscoe White shot from behind afence atop a grassy knoll to the right and front of thelimousine, his son says. Two other marksmen were in theTexas School Book Depository and Records buildingsbehind the vehicle. Three shots struck Kennedy; a fourthwounded Texas Gov. John Connally. Ricky White says thetwo shots that his father fired both struck Kennedy: the firstin the throat; the second, and last of the shots fired, in thehead. Oswald, Ricky White says, knew of the plot, but didnot fire a shot. He had been instructed to bring his rifle to theBook Depository, where he worked, and to build a snipersnest of book boxes near the sixth floor window, from whichhe was accused of firing all the fatal shots, Ricky White says. Ricky White says the diary referred to the other shootersonly by code names: Sol in the Records building; andLebanon in the Texas School Book Depository. The diaryindicated each of the three riflemen was accompanied by anassistant who disassembled the rifles after the shooting andcarried them out of the area, Ricky White says. Accordingto the diary, Ricky White says, his father was to escape withOswald by riding to Red Bird Airport in South Dallas in acity police car driven by a friend and fellow officer who didnot know what was happening. That officer, Ricky Whitesays, was J. D. Tippit, who was shot to death at 10th Streetand Patton Avenue in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas about45 minutes after Kennedy was shot. Oswald was seenrunning from the scene of that shooting. Ricky White says hisfather wrote that, as they drove south, the unsuspectingofficer began to realize what White and Oswald wereinvolved in. Oswald panicked and jumped from the car. When the officer insisted on turning in White, White got outof the car and shot the officer, Ricky White says. I killed anofficer at 10th and Patton, Ricky White quotes the diary assaying. Less than a half hour later, Oswald was arrested inthe Texas Theatre on West Jefferson Boulevard in Oak Cliff. He had a .38- calibre revolver police said was the murderweapon. Murder charges against Oswald in connection withTippits death were filed before he was charged withKennedys death. Whether the revolver found in Oswaldspossession was actually the weapon that killed Tippit hasbeen a matter of dispute in several governmentinvestigations. Ricky White says that shortly after theassassination, his father sent the family to Paris and that heand other members of the assassination team used ahideaway house in Dripping Springs. He says that, amonghis fathers effects, he found a third decoded message, datedDecember 1963, that advised his father to stay withindepartment, witnesses have eyes, ears and mouths.Themen+will be in to cover up all misleading evidence soon.That same month President Lyndon Johnson named ChiefJustice Earl Warren to head a commission to investigate theassassination. The Warren Commission concluded inSeptember 1964 that Oswald acted alone in killing bothKennedy and Tippit. P olice records show that on Oct. 19,1965, Roscoe White quit the Dallas Police Department andbecame manager of a Dallas area drug store. During the nextsix years, he switched jobs several times, finally working as aforeman at MM Equipment Co., in East Dallas. FAMILYTROUBLE AND DEATH By early 1970, Roscoe andGeneva White were a deeply troubled couple and soughthelp, said the Rev. Jack Shaw, their Baptist minister inDallas. During a recent interview with theAmerican-Statesman, Shaw said Roscoe White told him atthe time that he and his family were in danger. Whiteconfessed to leading a double life, the minister says, and Iknew something was not right, something strange was goingon. Shaw says that within the last two years he taperecorded a number of counselling sessions with GenevaWhite about her recollection of what she believed to be herformer husbands role in assassinations. Shaw, who is veryguarded in talking about the case, says Ricky White has onlya small portion of the full story, which he says will knockyour eyes out. Shaw says he met with the Whites severaltimes in 1970-71, but the Kennedy assassination was notmentioned. In 1971, Roscoe White was fatally injured in anexplosive fire at MM Equipment. Before White died,Shaw talked with him in the hospital. He recalls White sayinghe didnt think the fire was an accident that he had seen aman running away just before the fire. After the funeral,Geneva White moved her family back to Paris. There, aboutfour years later, the White home was burglarized and someof Roscoe Whites personal possessions were taken, RickyWhite says. Police captured the two burglars and returnedthe possessions which included some of Roscoe Whitesphotos among them a shot taken by Marina Oswald of herhusband Lee Harvey Oswald holding a rifle in the back yardof their Dallas home in 1963. For nearly 15 years after theassassination only two such photos were known. RoscoeWhites became the third. In its final report, the HouseSpecial Committee o n Assassinations identified the photo ascoming from the family of a former Dallas policeman. Lord of the Flies Analysis EssayScientific acoustical evidence indicated a high probabilitythat an unidentified second gunman was firing from thegrassy knoll to the front and right of the presidentiallimousine, but missed. TEXT OF NAVY CABLESNavy Int. Code A MRC Remark data 1666106 NRC VDCNAC Dec. 63 Remarks Mandarin: Code G: Stay withindepartment, witnesses have eyes, ears and mouths. You(illegible) do of the mix up. The men will be in to cover up allmisleading evidence soon. Stay as planned wait for furtherorders. C. Bowers RE rifle Code AAA destroy/on/Navy Int. Code A MRC Remark data 1666106 NRC VDCNAC (illegible). 63 Remarks Mandarin: Code A Foreignaffairs assignments have been cancelled. The next assignmentis to eliminate a National Security threat to world widepeace. Destination will be Houston, Austin or Dallas. Contacts are being arranged now. Orders are subject tochange at any time. Reply back if not understood. C. Bowers OSHA RE rifle Code AAA destroy/on/Navy Int. Code A MRC Remark data 1666106 Sept. 63Remarks Mandarin: Code A Dallas destination chosen. Your place hidden within the department. Contacts arewithin this letter. Continue on as planned. C. Bowers OSHARE rifle Code AAA destroy/on/(Part 2 The post-press conference follow-up story) August7, 1990 DALLAS COPS SON ROLLS OUT JFKTHEORY MATTOX, CIA, HOLLYWOOD ANSWERCONSPIRACY CLAIM By Andrew Likakis The Texasattorney general, a major Hollywood producer and theCentral Intelligence Agency are now being written into thenewest chapter in the never-ending mystery of whoassassinated President John F. Kennedy. A 29-year-oldunemployed oil equipment salesman from Midland stoodbefore scores of reporters in Dallas Monday and implicatedhis dead father in the assassination. Soon after, AttorneyGeneral Jim Mattox said hed gladly review the evidence,and the CIA issued an unheard of denial. At the same time,the FBI, which had previously refused to comment on RickyWhites story, issued a statement in Washington sayingagents had reviewed and dismissed Whites story two yearsago. And, finally, thos e who believe Whites story is trueacknowledge that last weekend, several of them met inHollywood with producer/director Oliver Stone, presumablyto discuss movie rights to the White story. The latest chapterin the Kennedy epic began at a two-hour press conferencein which White said his father, Roscoe Anthony White,joined the Dallas Police Department in October 1963 withthe express intent of killing Kennedy. During the pressconference called by two assassination research groups andseveral Midland businessmen, White and Baptist ministerJack Shaw talked about incriminating entries in RoscoeWhites missing diary, decoded cables, and the relationshipthat Roscoe White and his wife, Geneva, had with LeeHarvey Oswald, Dallas Officer J. D. Tippit and Jack Ruby. Based on his own memories, his fathers diary and effects,and the recollections of his mother, Ricky White toldreporters that his father had been one of three shooters onthe day Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. AlthoughOfficer Tippit was a friend of his fathers, Ricky White sayshis father shot Tippit to death in the Oak Cliff section ofDallas about 45 minutes after the assassination, as he andOswald were trying to get away. Oswald was later accusedof killing Tippit. During the press conference, White said hisfather was following orders to kill Kennedy and that, whilehe did not know who issued the orders, three messagesfound among his fathers effects have coding that might havecome from the Office of Naval Intelligence or, indirectly, theCIA. CIA RESPONSE: LUDICROUS The suggestion ofCIA involvement brought a sharp response Monday fromagency spokesman Mark Mansfield in Washington: Theseallegations that this was done on CIA orders, that this guyworked for us and that CIA had any role in the assassinationof President Kennedy are ludicrous. Roscoe White neverworked for the CIA, Mansfield said, adding: normally, wenever confirm nor deny employment, but these allegationsare so outrageous that we felt it necessary and appropriateto respond. Also Monday, the FBI issued a statementsaying its agents had considered the Ricky White story in1988 and had determined that this information is notcredible. Bernard Fensterwald, executive director of theAssassination Archives and Research Centre in Washington,said Monday that Mattox will be given all material that pointstoward Roscoe Whites involvement in the assassination. RUBY, OSWALD MEETING In another curious twist tothe case, Mattox said late Monday he is interested in pursingthe White story because he was once told by his mother, awaitress at Campisis Egyptian Restaurant in Dallas, thatRuby frequented the restaurant and that she thought she sawRuby and Oswald eating dinner there together once. Therestaurant owner, the late Joe Campisi, testified before theHouse Select Committee on Assassinations in 1978 that hedidnt see Oswald in his eatery, Mattox said. Mattox said hebelieves he has jurisdiction in the case, and he wouldinterview White and his associates to see what theyve gotand let them explain it to me. The key to the thing, ofcourse, is, if the FBI acknowledges seeing the diary,Mattox said. The only thing to do is to get a look at thediary or acknowledgement (by the FBI) that it existed. Thisis not a solution to the John Kennedy case, Fensterwaldsaid after Ricky White told his story. Its information wethink is important, and we think its true . Even if what is saidhere today checks out, the case is not solved. We still dontknow who planned it and paid for it and basically what theshooting was about. The best we can hope for is to get outof this an idea of who the actual assassins were. It may bedifficult for Mattox or anybody else to do much with thecase without the Roscoe White diary, which disappeared in1988. The leather bound journal talked about theassassination and the aftermath, said Ricky White, addingthat he and his mother read it. Roscoe White died of injuriessustained in an explosive fire in 1971. His widow, Geneva, iscritically ill and, according to family members, unable to beinterviewed. A SILENCED WIFE According to the Rev. Shaw, Geneva White could help an investigation. Shaw saysRoscoe and Geneva White confided in him in 1970-71 whenthey were having marital problems. And, he says, GenevaWhite confided in him again during the last year, telling himthat she was working as a hostess in Rubys Carousel Clubwhen she overheard her husband and Ruby discussing theentire plot of the assassination of the President two monthsbefore the shooting. After the assassination, Shaw says,Geneva White was given electric shock treatments and keptsedated so she would be silenced. Ruby had told her in nouncertain terms that if she opened her mouth she was deadand her children were dead, Shaw says Geneva White toldhim. Shaw says Geneva White told him she confronted herhusband after an organized crime figure approached her inNew Orleans in 1971 and told her to deliver a warning toher husband. According to Shaw, Geneva White was shownnearly a dozen photographs and identified the man in NewOrleans as Charles Nicoletti, formerly t he number onehitman with the Sam Giancana Mafia family in Chicago. Nicoletti was executed gangland style in 1977, about a yearafter Giancana also met the same fate. Shaw says that, whenshe returned to Dallas and told her husband of the ominousmeeting in New Orleans, he told her everything. Shaw saysthat, as he lay in a hospital dying from burns in 1971 RoscoeWhite told him that he had been marked for execution bysome of his underworld associates and that he believed thefire had been deliberately started to kill him. AHOLLYWOOD INTEREST Ricky White said Mondaythat, since he found his fathers diary, he has been consumedfull-time with trying to find out what role his father played inthe assassination. He said that for more than a year he hasreceived a monthly salary from the Matsu Corp., whichwas formed by seven Midland oilmen solely to help financeRickys investigation into his fathers involvement in theassassination. Matsu president Gary Baily said Ricky beganreceiving financial help from Matsu on a day-to-day basisabout six weeks ago after getting ju st expense funds formore than a year. Baily also said Ricky White is negotiatingwith Hollywood producer/director Oliver Stone for movierights to his story. Last weekend, Ricky White, his wife andLarry Howard of the JFK Assassination Information Centrein Dallas met in the Los Angeles area with Oliver Stone andtoured Universal Studios. Oliver Stone is interested, but nodeal has been made, Baily said. Matsu so far has spentmore than $100,000 on the White project, Baily said. If anymoney is generated by the White story, about 74 percentwill go to Ricky Whites family. The rest would go to theMatsu Corp., Baily said.

Wife To A Famous Man Essay Example For Students

Wife To A Famous Man Essay A monologue from the play by Gregorio Martinez Sierra NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Plays of G. Martinez Sierra. G. Martinez Sierra. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1922. MARIANA: I want you to stop talking. You always lie like a newspaperit doesn\t matter what sort of tale you tell, no one\s going to believe you. But just you look out. Your luck\s in for the minute, isn\t it and you think you\re such a fellow just because a few pesetas have fallen on you out of the sky. Make the most of them while they last. I\m used to earning what I need for myself and my children. It\s little enough and it\s hard to come by but it makes me a queen in this kingdom anyhow. My kingdom\s my home. And don\t forget this. There\s never been any man let come in it but you I love you a long sight more than you deserve to be loved. But let\s have this clear there aren\t going to be any women in the case but me either. And if you\re not agreeable to that well, there\s lots of room in the world for us both, and it\s easy to take the train as to buzz through the air. Off you go then and we\ll meet again on Judgment Day. We will write a custom essay on Wife To A Famous Man specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

How Digital Technology Influences Art

How Digital Technology Influences Art Introduction Digital technology has become part of the everyday life in the world. Various sectors such as music industries have faced the problem of responding to the speedy developments in digital technology. In the world of arts, digital technology changes every day especially in media convergence technologies and digitalisation of production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Digital Technology Influences Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gà ¼ndà ¼z (2012, p. 202) confirms how digital technology factors have become the engine through which the wheels of art and design revolve all across the world. This advancement has made it very difficult for any country in the world to do without digital technology in its arts industry. Various economies have therefore put in place mechanisms to counter the effect of the digital revolution to keep abreast with technological changes. This section of the paper discusses t he impacts of digital technology on the world of arts. It has reduced Expenditure Digital technology has cut down the expenditure of producing art works thus improving accessibility by many people. Just the way the use of cars, motorbikes, and airplanes has increased the speed of travelling, with people reaching their destinations without much efforts, the digital technology has lessened the efforts that people had to put on walking or running to production studios and to areas where artists portray their work. According to Bhattacharjee et al. (2009, p. 140), the art industry, which used to produce its work manually thus using much funds, has increased the speed of production with less efforts and expenses due to digital technology. Since works of art are now produced at a lower cost, it has also become easier for masses to access this work because prices are also lower in the market. Technology reduces production expenditure hence making production expenses cheaper. Constaninides (2004, p. 115) also points out that digital technology has lessened the efforts that producers and consumers put in accessing raw materials and products consecutively. Artists can currently access raw materials for their business from the internet thus cutting on travelling costs. It has expanded the Amount of Artwork that One Artist can do With digital technology in place, one artist can do several activities at the same time. According to Van House (2011, p. 125), an artist can sing on a digital audio recorder, play some digital accompaniments, and dance at the same time. Digital technology enhances efficiency of the whole process of producing artwork.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Writing of scripts, a stage that was very cumbersome to most artwork producers, has been made easy by the inception of digital technology. Constaninides (2004, p. 112) argues that a lot of informati on is available for artists on the internet and other educative media. From such sites, artists learn how to improve their multi-tasking skills. According to Faye et al. (2012, p. 147), reduction of manual work has also enabled the disabled artists to take part in arts through the digital technology. Recording of artwork was also a cumbersome activity in the past. However, with digital technology, an artist can record a multiplicity of episodes in one day. According to Bhattacharjee et al. (2009, p. 140), today, digital cameras, audio devices and recorders, and editing programs are in place. They have improved the quality of the products that come from artwork. Digital technology makes images and pictures clearer, attractive, and clean for the consumers despite having been produced simultaneously. Accessibility of cost effective machines and gadgets for example Digital Versatile Discs players (DVD) and video players though which consumers can access products of art has also enabled the artist to produce more. For artists who involve themselves in drawing and designing, digital technology has enabled them to produce their products in bulk. Digital technology has also improved on the quality of artwork that artists produce. It has improved the Capacity of Artists to show up their expected Designs Digital technology has widened consumer platform. With a wider consumer contact point, artists can access millions of consumers hence providing the right information and impression about their products directly to them. These platforms include televisions channels, cinema, video players, social media, and the internet among others. As the number of platforms increases, the number of audiences that the artists have also increases. It is also possible that digital technology provides more elaborative information about an artist. Consumers are therefore more informed. Hence, they can make the right choices in picking products. Faye et al. (2012, p. 147) affirm that even th e visually impaired artists can display their products through the help of the digital technology.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How Digital Technology Influences Art specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Live recording and presentation programs such as programs on beauty pageants competitions that are televised live are an opportunity for designers to show up their designs (Van House 2011, p. 125). Artists can now televise, record, and sell various works of arts including martial arts as videos. Through digital technology, the artist can now reach almost every person who accesses the new media. The audience has also been empowered through digital technology. Foss (2001) argues that the media has been so active in monitoring the behaviour and conduct of leaders in various nations. Artists have become opinion leaders due to their fame and acceptance as celebrities. Most of the people would want to be achievers in certai n areas just as the artists. When the audience accesses information about immorality or underperformance of their favourite artists on the digital platforms, they are empowered to change their opinions about them and even to stop consuming their products. In fact, digital technology provides a better platform in which the audience can interact, scrutinise, and even criticise the artist. However, uncontrolled access to the websites of these artists can be problematic. Moore argues, â€Å"Identifying and accessing various resources of network system can allow a way into confidential documents or even databases† (2005, p.258). Cyber crimes have intensified with growth in digitalisation. Therefore, digital communication technology has brought the power of people-to-people. Artists have become very powerful and influential across the world. Almost every commercial advertisement, political advertisement, charity, and even religious advertisement is using artists as product ambassad ors thus increasing their platforms. Aghion and Tirole (1997) also affirm that people are also exchanging information through the social networks about how various celebrities are conducting themselves. For example, a gospel artist whom a company has adopted and paid to advertise and become the product ambassador for a product or a program that is sponsored by a beer or cigarette company is likely to be criticised and mocked on the social media. Similar complains and ridicules have been raised on televisions and radios through call-ins from the audience. Digital technology has therefore increased the platform for the audience to monitor the lives of artists. Foss (2001) insists that various artists and art companies have established websites that they post information about themselves and their programs for the citizens.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The consumers of artwork who prefer plays, songs, paintings, and martial arts can also access any information they want from such websites. This possibility is a great response to digital communication exploration in the world today. Digital technology has paved a way for artists to speak to wider spectators Spectators are the target markets for all artists. They can watch the artists live on televisions and on the internet as they perform on stage. According to Marchese (2011, p. 302), although most of the spectators may not be in a position to travel to the venues of the concerts and exhibitions, they can become part of the program through digital communication. As artists display their products and talents, many more spectators are now able to access the proceedings in real time. In fact, some people become spectators and fans through accident. As one scrolls through the channels, he or she is likely to find such a program proceedings. If the work of art is interesting, educative , or entertaining, the audience becomes part of the spectators of such an artist. Digital technology increases the number of spectators. Marchese (2011, p. 302) argues that the response to digital technology in arts that is clearly visible in most countries is the development of e-commerce. E-commerce enables artists to market and sell their products to a wider market. With e-commerce, the artist does not have to meet one-on-one with the customer. All the transactions can be done online. Calvo and Monge (2009, p. 281) argue that many countries of the world have realised that trading in arts especially in the current world of digitalisation cannot escape the impact of modern technology. DRozario and Bryant (2013, p. 9) confirm that the adoption of digital technology by most nations of the world today has made the world of economics a small business village. One can trade and even converse with his or her fans that are in a far continent. Constaninides (2004, p. 112) argues that digit al technology has eliminated the geographical boundaries between trading partners such as artists, their fans, art firms, and their fans hence reducing transport cost and increasing the quality and quantity of information flow between parties. Calvo and Monge (2009, p. 281) argue that, in the United States, a spectator can order for certain products from an artist online and pay for them online and wait for delivery online within no time. The indication is that digitalisation of arts has even enlarged the market to spectators and artists (Garcà ­a Whittinghill 2011, p. 309). Another good example is the use of digital technology to purchase ringtones for mobile phones and even to download videos. During live concerts, artists pause to take the audience through a process of prompting downloads of ringtones and videos over the mobile phones and iPods. In such a forum, artists gain a lot of money instantly since most of the fans buy their products online as prompted by e-commerce. Acc ording to Bonsu and Darmody (2008, p.356), e-commerce has empowered consumers in the world of business to undertake their roles. Customers of the products of arts have become more informed in making choices between products. DRozario and Bryant (2013, p. 10) argue that the roles played by buyers and sellers in the US before the inception of e-commerce have drastically been changed. The time of passive customers and over active sellers has been eliminated in the American economy through digital technology. According to Gronroos (1994, p.9), quick evolution of e-commerce has made consumers of art products active players in the whole transaction. Customers have an opportunity to choose from an assortment of goods and services advertised online. In the same way, consumers can trade with the artist that they consider the best according to the information posted on their websites. Gronroos (1994, p.9) also argues that e-commerce has made many economies turn from 12 hours to 24-hour workin g economies. According to Constaninides (2004, p. 112), increase in the number of hours for doing business in many nations has also increased the number of online customers and audience for artists. Largely, this case increases the market since most people can access the products of the work of art that the artist places in stalls. Such is the economy of the United States. Gronroos (1994, p.9) believes that customers and artists can carry out exchange transactions at any time of the day or night via the internet. Garcà ­a and Whittinghill (2011, p. 309) affirm that artists in the economy of United States have become very powerful and influential across the world. Conclusion In conclusion, digital technology has had a big influence on art. The world has become a global village today due to digital revolution. Gà ¼ndà ¼z (2012, p. 202) affirms that as the economy of the world grow, its cultural aspects must also grow with it. Growth in digital technology has cut down the expenditur e of producing artworks hence improving the accessibility of artwork by many people. Digital technology has extended the array and amount of artwork that one artist can do in a given period. Artists can produce many products in a short period and even in real time. The paper concludes that digital technology has improved the capacity of artists to show up their expected designs though various digital platforms such as the internet, social media, televisions, videos, and mobile phones. References Aghion, P Tirole, J 1997, ‘Formal and Real Authority in Organisation’, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 105 no. 1, p. 29. Bhattacharjee, S, Gopal, D, Marsden, R, Sankaranarayanan, R 2009, ‘Re-tuning the Music Industry -Can They Re-Attain Business Resonance?’, Communications of the ACM, vol. 52 no. 6, pp. 136-140. Bonsu, A Darmody, A 2008, ‘Co-creating Second Life: Market- Consumer Cooperation in Contemporary Economy’, Journal of Macromarketing, vol . 28 no. 4, pp. 355-368. Calvo, E Monge, J 2009, ‘New Technologies in Central American Contemporary Art: A Partial Archaeology and Some Critical Appreciations from the Institutional Realm’, Third Text, vol. 23 no. 3, pp. 281-292. Constaninides, E 2004, ‘Influencing the Online Consumers Behavior: The web Experience’, Emerald Research Journal, vol. 14 no. 2, pp. 111-126. DRozario, D Bryant, K 2013, ‘The Use of Dead Celebrity Images in Advertising and Marketing- Review, Ethical Recommendations and Cautions for Practitioners’, International Journal of Marketing Studies, vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 1-10. Faye, W, Selvadurai, C, Smithwick, Q, Cain, J, Cavallerano, J, Silver, P, Goldring, E 2012, ‘The Seeing Machine Camera: An Artistic Tool for the Visually Challenged Conceived by a Visually Challenged Artist’, Leonardo, vol. 45 no. 2, pp. 141-147. Foss, K 2001, ‘Organising Technological Interdependencies: A Coordination Perspective on the Firm’, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 10 no. 1, p. 151. Garcà ­a, E Whittinghill, D 2011, ‘Art and Code: The Aesthetic Legacy of Aldo Giorgini’, Leonardo, vol. 44 no. 4, pp. 309-316. Gronroos, C 1994, ‘From marketing mix to relationship marketing: Towards a paradigm shift in marketing’, Management Decision, vol. 32 no. 2, p. 9. Gà ¼ndà ¼z, U 2012, ‘Digital Music Format Mp3 as a New Communications Technology and the Future of the Music Industry’, Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies, vol. 4 no. 7, pp. 202-207. Marchese, T 2011, ‘Conserving Digital Art for Deep Time’, Leonardo, vol. 44 no. 4, pp. 302-308. Moore, R 2005, Cybercrime: Investigating High Technology Computer Crime, Bender Company, New York. Van House, A 2011, ‘Personal photography, digital technologies and the uses of the Visual’, Visual Studies, vol. 26 no. 2, pp. 125-13.

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